Starting with the T section — Page 569, Lesson 777

This is the index of the Air Law manual — the map of everything we're going to cover. Let me walk you through the entries that start with T, U, V, and W, because these are the terms you'll be tested on. Starting with the T section. Time Based Longitudinal Separation — that's a method of separating aircraft along the same track by time rather than distance. Then Timed Approaches, which is a procedure where aircraft are sequenced to the runway at specific times. TODA stands for Take-Off Distance Available — the runway length plus any clearway that's available for an aircraft to complete its take-off. Tokyo Convention — that's the international treaty dealing with offences committed on board aircraft. TORA is Take-Off Run Available — the runway length declared available for the ground run of an aircraft during take-off. Touchdown Zone Marking — the markings on the runway that identify the touchdown zone for landing aircraft. Track Reversal and Racetracks — these are holding and procedure patterns used in instrument approaches. Track Separation — separating aircraft by ensuring they fly on different tracks. Traffic Advisories (TAs) — these are alerts from TCAS, the Traffic Collision Avoidance System, warning of nearby traffic. Then we have the altitude-related terms. Transition — the change from one altimeter setting to another. Transition Altitude — the altitude above which you use the standard pressure setting of 1013.2 hectopascals. Transition Layer — the airspace between the transition altitude and the transition level. Transition Level — the lowest flight level available above the transition altitude. Transit Passengers — passengers who are passing through an airport without changing aircraft. Transponder Failure — the loss of the transponder, which is the equipment that identifies your aircraft to radar. Transverse Stripe — a marking across the runway. Turning Departure — a departure procedure where the aircraft turns after take-off. Type Ratings — the qualifications required to fly a specific type of aircraft. Moving to U. Unaccompanied Baggage — baggage travelling without its owner. Uncertainty Phase — one of the emergency phases, when there's doubt about the safety of an aircraft. Unlawful Interference — any act of interference with an aircraft, such as hijacking. Unruly Passengers — disruptive passengers on board. Upper Information Regions (UIRs) — airspace above a certain altitude where upper airspace services are provided. UTC — Coordinated Universal Time, the standard time reference used in aviation. Now the V section. VASI — the Visual Approach Slope Indicator, which gives pilots a visual indication of their glide path. Verification of special SSR codes — checking the special transponder codes assigned to aircraft. Vertical separation during ascent or descent — separating aircraft vertically while they're climbing or descending. Vertical Separation Minima — the minimum vertical distance between aircraft. VFR Flight Levels — flight levels used when flying under Visual Flight Rules. Visual Approach — an approach where the pilot navigates visually. Visual Ground Signals — signals displayed on the ground to communicate with aircraft. Visual Manoeuvring — manoeuvring the aircraft visually, often called circling. Visual Manoeuvring (Circling) Area — the area in which circling manoeuvres are conducted. Visual Manoeuvring (Circling) (VM(C)) — the abbreviated term for that procedure. Visual Runway — a runway used for visual approaches. Visual separation — separating aircraft by visual means. Visual Signals — signals used for visual communication. VMC — Visual Meteorological Conditions, the weather conditions that permit visual flight. VMC Criteria — the specific requirements for VMC. Voice - ATIS — the voice broadcast of the Automatic Terminal Information Service. Volcanic eruption — a natural event that affects aviation operations. VOR — VHF Omnidirectional Range, a radio navigation aid. Finally, the W section. Wake Turbulence Categories — the classification of aircraft based on their wake turbulence generation. Warsaw Convention — the international treaty governing liability in international air transport. Wheel Braking On Wet Runways — the effect of wet runways on braking performance. Width of Runways — the standard widths for runways. Width of Taxiways — the standard widths for taxiways. Wind Direction Indicator — the device that shows wind direction, like a windsock. World Trade Organisation — an international organisation that deals with global trade rules. That's the full index for these letters. Every one of these terms will be explained in detail in the pages ahead.