Let me start with the landing requirements — Page 360, Lesson 439

We've just finished the drift-down questions, so now we're turning to a brand-new chapter: Multi-engine Class B — Landing. This is where we look at what the regulations demand of a Class B aeroplane when it comes to getting back down safely. Let me start with the landing requirements. The first thing you need to know is that these requirements are set out in CAP 698, at the bottom of page 17 and the top of page 18 of section 3. I want you to note that — you do not need to commit these requirements to memory. They're published, they're referenced, and in the exam you'll be expected to work with them, not recite them from memory. Now, the core of this first part is the "All Engines Operating / Baulked Landing Requirement." Let me unpack that phrase. A baulked landing is when you're on the approach, you decide not to land, and you go around — you apply power and climb away. So this requirement is about the aeroplane's ability to climb away safely with all engines running. The rule states that with all engines operating, the steady gradient of climb must be at least 2.5%. Gradient of climb — that's the ratio of vertical height gained to horizontal distance travelled, expressed as a percentage. So 2.5% means for every 100 metres you travel forward, you climb 2.5 metres. That's the minimum steady climb gradient you must be able to achieve. But here's the crucial part — this gradient must be achieved under a very specific set of conditions. There are four of them, and you need to know each one precisely. First, the power developed 8 seconds after moving the power controls to the take-off position. So when you push the throttles forward for the go-around, you don't get instant full power — the engines take time to spool up. The regulation assumes you're using the power that's available 8 seconds after you move the power levers to the take-off position. That's a realistic, conservative assumption. Second, the landing gear — also called the undercarriage — must be extended. So we're not cleaning up the gear for this climb demonstration. The drag of the extended gear is included. Third, the flaps must be at the landing setting. So the high-lift devices are in their landing configuration, which also adds drag. Fourth, the climb speed must be equal to VREF. Now, VREF is the reference landing speed — the speed you use on final approach. So this climb is being done at the landing reference speed, not at a best-rate-of-climb speed. Let me add an important note here. To demonstrate this climb capability — both for certification purposes and for operational purposes — the undercarriage is assumed to be extended and the wing flaps are assumed to be in the landing position. So when a manufacturer certifies the aeroplane, and when you as an operator demonstrate compliance, you use those assumptions. So let me tie this together. The baulked landing requirement says: with all engines running, you must be able to achieve a steady climb gradient of at least 2.5%, using the power available 8 seconds after advancing the throttles, with the gear down, flaps at landing setting, and climbing at VREF. That's the certification standard that guarantees you can safely go around if you have to abandon the landing. That figure shows the forces on an aeroplane in the early part of a drift-down — it's from the previous chapter, but it's a good reminder of how weight and thrust interact in climb performance. For this landing chapter, the key idea is that the gradient requirement is a certification guarantee of go-around capability. Now, the chapter outline tells me what's coming next. After these landing requirements, we'll look at the landing climb requirements and the gradient requirement in more detail, then the landing distance requirements under EU-OPS 1.550, the factors to be accounted for, correction factors, despatch rules, the reference landing speed VREF, and how to present landing data and use the graphs. Then there are questions and answers at the end of the chapter. But for now, the essential takeaway is this baulked landing requirement — the 2.5% steady climb gradient, achieved under those four specific conditions: power 8 seconds after take-off power selection, gear extended, flaps at landing setting, and speed at VREF. That's the foundation for everything else in this chapter.