The route goes FROM VILSHOFEN (EDMV) TO REGENSBURG (EDNR) — Page 148, Lesson 146

I want to walk you through the answers for Exercise 2 — the Flight Log and the multiple-choice questions that follow it. This is a VFR (Visual Flight Rules) navigation exercise, so we're working through a real-world flight-planning scenario. Let's start with the flight log itself. The first entry begins at Set Heading: 10:30 — that's the time you expect to depart or start the leg. The route goes FROM VILSHOFEN (EDMV) TO REGENSBURG (EDNR). The GRID MORA is 7200 — that's the Minimum Off-Route Altitude in feet, the highest terrain or obstacle within that grid square, so you must stay above it. The FL (Flight Level) column is blank here, meaning we're not using a pressure altitude level for this VFR leg. The W/V (Wind Velocity) is 090/20 — wind from 090 degrees true at 20 knots. The TRK (T) is 305 — that's the desired true track, the direction over the ground you intend to fly, measured in degrees true. VAR is 1 E — variation is 1 degree East, so to convert from true to magnetic, you subtract east variation. That gives HDG (M) of 311 — the magnetic heading you need to steer to maintain that track, accounting for wind and variation. TAS is 100 knots — True Airspeed, your speed through the air. GS is 116 knots — Ground Speed, your speed over the ground, which is higher here because you have a tailwind component. DIST is 54 nautical miles. TIME is 28 minutes — that's the leg time calculated from distance and ground speed. ETA is 10:58 — Estimated Time of Arrival at Regensburg, which is 10:30 plus 28 minutes. Now the second leg: FROM REGENSBURG (EDNR) TO NORDLINGEN (EDNO). GRID MORA is 3700 feet. FL is 45 — here we do have a Flight Level assigned, meaning 4,500 feet on the standard pressure setting. W/V is 120/30 — wind from 120 degrees true at 30 knots. TRK (T) is 255 degrees true. VAR is still 1 E. HDG (M) is 243 — again, subtract 1 degree east variation from 255 true to get 254, but the wind correction also plays a role, giving 243 magnetic. TAS is 110 knots. GS is 129 knots — a tailwind again. DIST is 65 nautical miles. TIME is 30 minutes. ETA is 11:28. Third leg: FROM NORDLINGEN (EDNO) TO MENGEN (EDTM). GRID MORA is 4600 feet. FL is 65. W/V is 270/30 — wind from 270 degrees true at 30 knots. TRK (T) is 223 degrees true. VAR is 0 E — no variation here, so true and magnetic are the same. HDG (M) is 233 — that's the magnetic heading after wind correction. TAS is 120 knots. GS is 99 knots — now you have a headwind, so ground speed is lower than true airspeed. DIST is 67 nautical miles. TIME is 40 minutes. ETA is 12:08. At the bottom, the total DIST is 186 nautical miles, and total TIME is 98 minutes. Now, the multiple-choice answers for VFR Exercise 2. These are the correct answers for questions 1 through 12: 1. b 2. c 3. d 4. b 5. a 6. d 7. a 8. b 9. d 10. c 11. a 12. c These are the answer keys for the exercise — you can check your own work against them. That covers everything in this excerpt.