Now, the destination is New South Wales — Page 414, Lesson 369

I want to walk you through the answers to these time questions, because this is where the theory of Standard Time and UTC really comes together in a practical, exam-style way. We're going to work through Questions 4 through 10, and then I'll show you the Air Almanac extract that you'd use to look up these Standard Time corrections. Let's start with Question 4. We have a departure at 2200 UTC on 4 May, a flight time of 0645, which gives an arrival at 0445 UTC on 5 May. Now, the destination is New South Wales. From the Air Almanac extract, New South Wales is 10 hours fast on UTC — that's the ST correction, plus 10. So we add 10 hours to 0445 UTC, giving 1245 ST on 5 May. Notice the question also shows an "Arc to time" step of 0804, which converts the longitude into time — that's the LMT, Local Mean Time, of 1249 LMT on 5 May. But the final answer we want is Standard Time, so we apply the ST correction of plus 10 to the UTC arrival, and we get 1245 ST. The destination is the Philippines for Question 5. Question 5 is a comparison. Bangkok is at 101°E, and it's 0644 later than UTC. San Francisco is at 122°25'W, and it's 0810 earlier than UTC. So the total difference is 1454 — Bangkok is 14 hours 54 minutes later than San Francisco. That's the sum of the two corrections, because one is east and one is west. Question 6 introduces Daylight Saving Time, or DST. We depart New York at 0915 Summer Time — that's DST. The ST correction is minus 0400, because New York is 4 hours behind UTC in summer. So departure is 1315 UTC. Flight time is 0525, giving an arrival at 1840 UTC. Then we apply the ST correction for British Columbia, which is minus 0800, giving an arrival of 1040 ST. Notice the key point: when you're given a local time that includes DST, you must first convert to UTC using the appropriate correction, then do the flight time, then convert back to the destination's Standard Time. Question 7 works backwards. Arrival time is 1835 ST in Hong Kong. The ST correction is minus 08, so arrival is 1035 UTC. The schedule time is 2140, so departure is 1255 UTC the previous day. Then we apply the ST correction for Rome, which is plus 0100, giving a departure of 1355 ST. Here you see the reverse process: from Standard Time to UTC, you subtract the correction; from UTC to Standard Time, you add it. Question 8 is another full journey. Departure is 0930 ST on 8 May in New South Wales. The ST correction is plus 10, so departure is 2330 UTC on 7 May — note the date change. Flight time is 0950, giving an arrival at 0920 UTC on 8 May. Then we do the arc to time conversion, minus 1031, giving an arrival of 2249 LMT on 7 May. So here we're converting UTC to Local Mean Time, not Standard Time. Question 9: Departure is 2300 ST in Hawaii on 10 May. The ST correction is plus 1000, so departure is 0900 UTC on 11 May. Flight time is 1020, giving an arrival at 1920 UTC on 11 May. Then we apply the ST correction for the destination, plus 1000, giving an arrival of 0520 ST on 12 May. Again, watch the date rollover. Question 10: Departure is 2000 ST in New York on 16 February. The ST correction is plus 0500, so departure is 0100 UTC on 17 February. Flight time is 0745, giving an arrival at 0845 UTC on 17 February. Then the ST correction for Madrid is plus 0100, giving an arrival of 0945 ST on 17 February. Now, the Air Almanac extract. This is the reference table you'd use to find these corrections. It's titled "Standard Times (Corrected to June 1988)." There are two lists: List 1 is places fast on UTC, mainly those east of Greenwich. The times given should be added to UTC to give Standard Time, and subtracted from Standard Time to give UTC. So for New South Wales, it's 10; for Hong Kong, it's 08; for Rome, it's 01; for Hawaii, it's 10 — wait, Hawaii is actually in List 1? Let me check. Yes, Hawaii is listed as 10, which is fast on UTC. And for New York, it's 05, but that's the standard time correction, not DST — in February, New York is on Standard Time, so it's plus 0500. Notice the extract also shows places with half-hour and three-quarter-hour offsets, like India at 05 30, and Chatham Islands at 12 45. And there are footnotes — the asterisk marks places that observe Daylight Saving Time, and the superscript numbers refer to specific notes. For example, New South Wales has a superscript 1, which refers to a note about DST. The key skill here is reading the table correctly: find the place, read the correction, and apply it in the right direction — add to UTC for Standard Time, subtract from Standard Time for UTC. So the whole exercise is about being disciplined with the direction of the correction and the date changes. Let's make sure you're comfortable with that before we move on.